I have written about this a bit in my “Symbolic Algebra Timelines” post as part of the discussion of how Greek mathematics got transmitted to the present.
I had read an article by the renowned literary historian Gilbert Highet some sixty years ago which I never forgot. It discussed in some detail the miracle of the survival of records from the past. I tried to find a copy online, but in vain. So I purchased a used 1962 copy of the now extinct Horizons that contained the article and proceeded to digitize it. Since the subject of the article is about disappearing writings of the past and how some managed to survive through reproduction, I feel it somewhat apropos that I allow it to see the light of day again. He is a marvelous writer and covers the subject with fascinating detail.
Even with all the losses Highet records, writings still survived because they were in some sort of hard copy form. By 1962 fragile documents such as newspapers were being moved to microfilm. But microfilm was often replaced by magnetic tape, which was in turn replaced by a succession of digital media: floppy discs, CDs, DVDs, memory sticks, and so on. Finally, local media is being replaced by files in the “cloud”. All these media are subject to deterioration and loss, or the whims of the custodians. And of course, they all need machines and software to retrieve their information—technology which may no longer exist. Terabytes of moon data are lost on Ampex magnetic tapes for which there are no analog tape readers or even records of the data formats. Even now, some books are being published electronically and not in hard copy. Some people have referred to this ephemeral situation as the “digital Dark Age” where everything can be lost—often in an instant. So perhaps we are lucky that records from the past were not digital.
My copy of Highet’s article appears in two forms: a full, but very large, version with all the color figures, Survival of Records (58 MB), and a text-only smaller version, Survival of Records wo figs (700 KB).
Presh Talwalkar presented an interesting puzzle that originated in the Ladies’ Diary of 1739-40, was recast by Henry Dudeney in 1917, and further modified using American money.
This is a rather mind-boggling problem from the 1947 Eureka magazine.
This is a nice little puzzle from the 2024 Math Calendar.
This is an interesting problem from the collection Five Hundred Mathematical Challenges.
In this moment when the collective actions of humans seem to be hurtling towards several cataclysms (burning up the planet, ending the American Experiment), I am reminded of a powerful image that invaded my psyche some 45 years ago. It was from Douglas Hofstadter’s magnum opus, Gödel, Escher, Bach (1979) and concerned his investigation of what became popularized as “emergent behavior” and “self-organization.” This was in the early days of chaos theory and Holland’s emerging complexity theory. Conway’s artificial life cellular automaton, the Game of Life, was the screen saver on countless computer terminals and burgeoning personal computers. It was also the time when neural nets were beginning to capture the imagination of machine learning researchers among the artificial intelligence community.
This is a challenging problem from the c.100AD Chinese mathematical work, Jiǔ zhāng suàn shù (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art) found at the MAA Convergence website.
