This is a classic type of puzzle from Henry Dudeney.
“This is a rough sketch of the finish of a race up a staircase in which three men took part. Ackworth, who is leading, went up three steps at a time, as arranged; Barnden, the second man, went four steps at a time, and Croft, who is last, went five at a time. Undoubtedly Ackworth wins. But the point is, how many steps are there in the stairs, counting the top landing as a step?
I have only shown the top of the stairs. There may be scores, or hundreds, of steps below the line. It was not necessary to draw them, as I only wanted to show the finish. But it is possible to tell from the evidence the fewest possible steps in that staircase. Can you do it?”
See the Staircase Race for solutions.
This is a fairly straight-forward problem from Presh Talwalkar.
This is a Maths Item of the Month (MIOM) 
This is a nice problem from the UKMT Senior Mathematics Challenge for 2022:
This is an interesting problem from the Scottish Mathematics Council (SMC) 2014 Senior Math Challenge .
This is another stimulating little problem from the 2022 Math Calendar.
This math problem from Colin Hughes’s Maths Challenge website (mathschallenge.net) hearkens back to basic physics.
This turned out to be a challenging puzzle from the 1980 Canadian Math Society’s magazine, Crux Mathematicorum.
Here is another elegant Quantum math magazine Brainteaser problem.
James Tanton provides another imaginative 
